Tampilkan postingan dengan label Ben Marcus. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label Ben Marcus. Tampilkan semua postingan

David Ohle - Apathy noir, radical prose style, deadpan surrealism: the familiar battles the strange, and the duel ends in a delirious tie


David Ohle, Boons & The Camp (Calamari Press, 2009)

«Boons, co-written with an eccentric and anonymous South African professor of entomology, deals with the cultivation of half-bird half-simian creatures called Boons. The professor travels the world in his search for a Boon he can mate with, perhaps love, and finds Ruthie, the object of his dreams and the subject of his oddball experiments.
The Camp takes place around a provincial mill that spins sheep’s wool into theatrical and Santa beards. In the mill camp, workers live in brutal poverty under Mr. Ganzfeld, a cruelly whimsical boss who lost his nose in a lightning strike and will commit any depredation to find a “real” replacement, including murder.»

«David Ohle knows how to evoke the unsettling. Whether describing a subtly altered twentieth century or reviewing his childhood in New Orleans, his talent for quietly jarring imagery never flags. This volume collects two novellas, one that suggests the gender and geopolitics of the last century interwoven with Cronenbergian body horror, the other evoking economic exploitation with abundant, and bleak, comedy.
Start with Boons, about a disgraced South American professor with an obsession with the bird-people of the title. It is, literally, a visceral read: infections are described in grotesque detail, and worms and intestines make prominent appearances. (There’s also the professor’s own medical condition, in which his body occasionally produces bone “relics.”) It’s set in a world that strongly resembles our own in certain respects, though the fact that Pol Pot is among the historical figures to make an appearance indicates that we’re in a place, morally speaking, where atrocities are all too common. The boons of the title occupy a strange place somewhere between mythology and allegory. The Professor’s fixation on boons is both scientific and sexual, and is every bit as unsettling as one might expect. His tendencies in other matters, including the forging of false religious artifacts and the aforementioned encounter with Pol Pot, are no less comforting. And yet both the Professor and Ruthie, the boon with whom he becomes obsessed, are compelling and distinctive, their interactions tragic and horrific.
The Camp is set in a world that, at least on the surface, appears more recognizable, closer to our own. Its characters are, relative to Boons, much more stylized — almost figures from an archetypal melodrama. At one end are the Chungs, a comfortably married couple working in the kind of factory that leads to anti-capitalist protests. The fundamental decency of the Chungs is sharply contrasted with the rapaciousness of Mr. Ganzfeld, the owner of their workplace. Ganzfeld is a villain from an earlier era: Snidely Whiplash with a fake nose. (More precisely: a series of fake noses, each more horrific than its predecessor.) And while Ohle sets this story in a nebulous time and space, his characters seem taken from a masochist’s morality play: the virtuous remain exploited and abused, while the rich go to their graves with bloated wallets and heady satisfaction.
One quality shared by these novellas is Ohle’s ability to evoke unknown landscapes: the harsh industrial topography of The Camp feels every bit as vivid as the deconstructed exoticism of Boons, and each world feels fully inhabited. These are places where atrocities happen on nearly every level, but it’s hard to look away. Ohle’s craft is precise, and his funhouse reflections of our own anxieties, oppressions, and obsessions make for a grimly compelling read — it dwells in the place after the sense of wonder has been debased, spiked liberally with horror.» - Tobias Carroll


"Paired here are two delightful, equally brief and absurd novellas. "Boons" echoes Burroughs and Paul Bowles in depicting heading abroad as a messy business, wont to invite disease and exotic death. Ohle's version of Southeast Asia is gooey, gross, and gory—and, as in many a traveler’s tale, a mélange of specific and invented details. But the true horrors lie in what the travelers carry with them. The novella’s monstrous protagonist, “The Professor,” is Kurtz and Marlow combined, by way of Doctor Moreau. He scours the world for “boons,” indeterminate creatures variously described as having the features of birds, primates, reptiles—perhaps even seals (they “ride the waves”). Boons are also enslaved females who occasionally castrate their rapist male owners (although the Professor’s boon, named Ruthie, sticks to writing nonsense poetry). As in Ohle’s other dystopian works, “Boons” oozes disquietude: nonchalant deaths, gruesome medical details, cannibalism, self-amputations, and disturbing parallels abound (one character is born without any leg bones, while another fishes bone splinters from an open wound in his thigh, preserving them as relics). But the tone here is one of arch politeness, well suited to such an abruptly concise yarn. Even more forthright, but no less brutal, is “The Camp,” which records the trials of a couple, Mimi and Jerry Chung, as well as other “hopeful workers” employed at a sheep farm-cum-textile mill-cum-labor camp. These poor unfortunates are mistreated daily by the deranged, deformed Mr. Ganzfeld. Here, the narration assumes an air of detached resignation more reminiscent of Ohle’s classic Motorman and its sequels; the result is to make “The Camp” the more sentimental and moving of the two novellas. Its brusque style at times evokes an oddball fusion
of Jane Bowles and John Steinbeck—especially as it recounts how its bewilderedly wearied characters, victims of impassive and impulsive cruelties, struggle on. Unsettling pleasures, opposite sides of a single blasted coin, these whimsically perverse novellas offer further proof that Ohle is one of today’s best experimental fantasy writers." - A D Jameson
David Ohle, Motorman (3rd bed, 2004)

«For a long time I was scared to read Motorman. It had come recommended to me in such hushed tones that it sounded disruptively incendiary and illegal. Not only would the reader of this crazed novel burn to ashes, apparently, but he might be posthumously imprisoned for reading the book—a jar of cinder resting in a jail cell. Books were not often spoken of so potently to me, as contraband, as narcotic, as ordnance. There was the whispered promise that my mind would be blown after reading Motorman. There was the assurance that once I read it I would drool with awe, writerly awe, the awe of watching a madman master at work, David Ohle, awesomely carving deep, black holes into the edifice of the English language.» - Ben Marcus

«Motorman is the only book ever given to me photocopied in full. That's how hard to get it was, and how badly I wanted it.
David Ohle's legendary first novel was published some three decades ago, in 1972, and it has since been out of print. Ohle himself, while continuing to write and intermittently publish, has remained almost completely unknown. So this earlier book, reprinted to coincide with the release of his new novel, The Age of Sinatra, enters the world as something fresh that is also the secret ancestor of the most daring speculative fiction of our time.
Motorman tells the story of a hapless everyman named Moldenke, who gets by in the gray areas of a world that's almost all gray areas - a science fiction world with two suns, a number of "government moons," man-made humanoids called jellyheads, and mock wars where soldiers volunteer for injury. Moldenke receives some menacing phone calls from a man named Bunce, who claims to have tapes of everything everyone's ever said about him. To escape from Bunce, he sets out to find his old mentor, Dr. Burnheart.
Motorman is a quest narrative, of a sort. But you won't read this book for the plot. It does have a narrative thread, but one composed of snippets whose ends barely meet. The language, too, is not quite English as we know it. Attributes and effects coagulate into strange new objects" a building with structural moans" while familiar objects are defamiliarized. Here's Moldenke taking notes on some birds: "Rapid pecking followed by pauses." Got it. "Long, agile tongue coated with a jellylike substance." OK... "When the tongue is retracted it apparently wraps around the brain." What? That "apparently" is the kicker here. This is a world that does facts we're not in the realm of pure poesy but the rules have all been changed. Don't expect Ohle to spell them out for you, either. Like very few other writers - the Joseph McElroy of Plus, the Burroughs of Nova Express - Ohle maintains a high level of indeterminacy in both his fictional world and the language he uses to tell us about it. The result is disorienting, vertiginous, thrilling: "Roquette pierced the water with his stick. 'Good,' he said. 'It's thick enough to walk on.'"
It helps to be light on your feet. Like one of the novel's geographic oddities, the River Jelly, this book is only semi-solid. The tiny chapters (sometimes no more than a few lines long) appear adrift in white space, which starts to feel like a positive substance, something Ohle himself might invent in his fiction: a sort of viscous fog from which unrecognizable objects emerge. "He felt something without form, something edgeless, rushing at him from the direction of eastern light." But before you float away on this nebulous fare, Ohle gives you something solid: a name. "Is that you, Bunce? Mr. Bunce?"
Bunce. A goofy name, a bounce with just a little of the air let out of it. There is something clownish about Bunce and his threats. But clowns are scary, and all is not right in this world of incessant, pointless surveillance, petty bureaucratic meanness, decay and graft and moral inertia. All is not right inside Moldenke, either, and that's obvious not just from the arrhythmia in his four sheep hearts but from the arrhythmia in the narrative, its stutter and lurch. By the end of the book, we have lost track of time (easy to do in a world where six "technical months" can pass in a single day), and neither we nor Moldenke knows exactly what has been going on. Moldenke thinks he might have let the goo out of a pair of jellyheads with a letter opener. Or was it a screwdriver? It's dizzying but exhilarating for a reader to be given so much room to play. A typical mobile might seem too pretty an image to serve as a descriptive metaphor for a book by Ohle, but I have a different image in mind. A friend from high school once called me in tears: He was trying to make a mobile out of dead bugs but was having trouble bringing them into balance. If he had succeeded, that mobile might resemble this book: delicate and grotesque, tragic and hilarious, precarious but perfectly balanced.
The Age of Sinatra picks up Moldenke - last seen heading into the floodplains of the River Jelly - after one of the periodic spells of Forgetting that sweep his world, erasing personal and social history. He is still more done to than doing, but while Motorman crepitates with secret agency, in The Age of Sinatra almost everyone is someone's patsy, as befits a world that worships the half-remembered Lee Harvey Oswald as the god Arvey. President Ratt keeps changing the rules, so you can be indicted today for what was mandatory the day before, and the hapless Moldenke, between arrests, finds himself involved in a plot to unseat the leader. He also develops a disturbing growth on his chin - a flocculus - that ripens with the plot. Something's going to give, but will anyone know the difference? Another Forgetting is coming soon. But even on the Titanic (where the book opens), you gotta eat. In this book, it's always time for lunch.
Do not read The Age of Sinatra while eating an egg-salad sandwich. It is to your average novel what "Great, Green Gobs of Greasy, Grimy Gopher Guts" is to "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star." I'm told the manuscript's future hung in the balance as its own publisher gagged over the "green gland":
"He's showing his gland to us," Ophelia said excitedly. Within the flocculus, the green gland passed from top to bottom, paused there a beat or two, then extended its tip through the flocculus opening. Vink grasped the gland with the long fingers of his three-digit hand, pulling it out to its full extent. "Have a bite, folks."
It is a considerable achievement to conjure up an imaginary substance so vividly that something strange happens under the reader's tongue. An art critic once sniffed, "This painting seems to have been made for the sense of smell." If a book can reek, rot, ooze, swell, burst, flake, and fester, The Age of Sinatra is that book.
Why this obsession with the body afflicted? "I took a job one summer working for the Louisiana State health department, not knowing what it would be," Ohle said when he e-mailed me recently. "Turns out it was testing shit. Hundreds of jars of it came in every day from all over the state. It was my job to streak it onto agar in petri dishes and incubate it... Another thought is that my mother was dying of colon cancer when I was a freshman in college. I spent a lot of time with her and saw some very unpleasant things like oozing, bursting, and stinking." A caution, then: Let's not forget that "great, green gobs" can cohabitate with what is most heartfelt. Ohle's gross-outs come with belly laughs, but also with a strained tenderness. The Age of Sinatra, a litany of symptoms, is less like an ordinary novel than it is like a patient history. But those might be the stories we feel most keenly of all.
Motorman's scope is personal; The Age of Sinatra's is scenic; it's a sort of travelogue of hell. In the new novel, Moldenke is a roving eye rather than an actor, a decaying Candide whose suffering is meant to instruct us in the ways of the world. Bunce, with his air of a peculiarly private demon, has disappeared, to be replaced by the multiple eyes of a panoptic society where judgment is swift and brutal but transgression nonetheless rife. It's not a culture of control but one where punishment produces desire and vice versa in a febrile cycle of expenditures. Ohle's inferno shows some of Dante's gift for the grisly, but not his implacable sense of just desserts. If you have a waiver, the authorities will cheerfully punish the guy standing next to you. Possibly it doesn't matter much. The perks of this world (having your head cut off and sewn on backward tres chic!) are little better than its punishments.
This dystopia is a tour de force of scabrous invention. It is also uncomfortably real. As a kid I flipped through Science News and got an unpleasant shock when I inadvertently put my finger on a close-up of a spider's mandibles. Similarly, something about Ohle's prose closes the gap between the representation of a disturbing thing and the thing itself. You feel you ought to wash your hands after touching the page. But if you think that wiping will remove the stain, consider this: Doing time in the French Sewers (don't ask), Moldenke learns that they supply the bakery where edible paper - "for money, for waivers, for wiping, for books" is made. Shit is books, books are food, food is shit. The conclusion? We're in it. Deep.» - Shelley Jackson

«I came to read this novel because I heard Brian Evenson recommend it during a talk he gave at the Fiction Collective 2 conference I attended last summer. Am I glad I read it.
It was first published by Knopf in 1972, but Soft Skull brought it out again in 2004. I read the original version: there was a barely touched copy at a local college library.
The book enjoyed cult status for a long time, and it is not hard to see why. It is close to wholly original, and it deals with a dystopia more gripping to me than the prophecies of either Orwell or Huxley. (Yes, you read that correctly.)
The book is divided into 109 sections over its 116 pages. Some sections are only a few sentences long. But, as with many if not most books that could be dubbed 'science fiction' on some level, the setting is perhaps the most important factor.
Ohle never tells us anything about this setting. He simply lets it sink in. Apparently, early in his life Moldenke, the main character, lived in an atmosphere similar to the one we inhabit: there was only one sun and one moon, people did not have to wear special goggles, and people had only one heart.
By the time Moldenke is more mature, artificial suns and moons compete with the real one, 'jellyheads' rather than people do a lot of the work, and, most bizarrely, he has four hearts, three of which came from sheep. And there is a river so thick and polluted it can be walked on.
It is very difficult, if not impossible, for us to fully orient ourselves to the timeline in this book. There are a lot of unnanounced flashbacks and, to make matters more complicated, undated letters that could come from any number of places on the time line. I have figured out a rough timeline: perhaps a future literary critic will complete the job (and I have no doubt there will be a lot of critics writing on this book).
1. Childhood - "they kept him in a crumbling home."
2 &3 - Working as a bug taster at a lab run by a jellyhead named Featherfighter - Working at Tropical Gardens. Meets Cock Roberta, the love of his life.
4. - Fights in "mock war." He agrees to sacrifice a minor broken bone and the continued ability to feel a list of feelings, including it would seem love.
5. After war he and Cock Roberta exchange letters, but never seem to meet again. Moldenke tries valiantly to feel again, but fails.
6. Kills two jellyheads
7. I am a little unsure about this, but I believe Bunce, a hardboiled talker who seems to control most everything in this more and more artificial world, imprisons Moldenke for the crime.
8. Bunce calls Moldenke on the phone repeatedly and threatens him. A Dr. Burnheart, who implanted the sheeps hearts in Moldenke, tells him how to escape.
9. He wants to 'go South' across 'The Bottom' to where he believes Burnheart is
10. Stops by Shelp, the weatherman's place. Learns that Bunce orders the sort of weather he wants, and Shelp is to announce it.
11. Runs into Roquette. He helps him walk across the Jelly River. They get on a boat that seems to be like a cruise ship. Cock Roberta is on the ship but they never meet up.
12. Things get really crazy: the boat seems to be, at the same time, a boat, a vehicle on a street, a vehicle in a tunnel, and so forth.
13. The end, which I won't divulge.
Let's just say that this book is about the overwhelming artificiality that threatens our very human dignity. In the end, poor, lonely Moldenke, makes a stab at reasserting his dignity. It might not work, but the attempt alone is enough: it proves that Bunce and his crew have not completely destroyed who we are.» - Jefferson Hansen


«The legend of David Ohle was born in 1972 with the paragraph,
'Moldenke lived the hainted life. As a child he was kept in a crumbled brick of a house where thickwindows moaned in their frames through summerfall and gathered ice by winter.'
This was on page 98 of the January issue of Esquire, opposite a surrealist painting of a dismembered hand holding a telephone receiver on a stool swarming with insects. The story was called "Some Moldenke," a strange, fragmentary piece starring a listless, almost translucent observer in a bizarro world.
Esquire was the first place Ohle's work had ever been published. The other piece of fiction Esquire chose to print that issue was by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. He would win the Nobel Prize for literature 10 years later. Ohle was a master's student in English at the University of Kansas. He was in his early 30s and had shoulder-length hair.
Paragraph two reads,
'In the prime of his boyhood an ether tree patiently died in the view from hisbedroom window. In the spring a green woodbird flew down and pecked spiralsaround its dry trunk. Moldenke would fold himself in his chair and watchseveral suns rise behind the ether branches, studying the woodbird'shabits.'
The story got published after Stanley Elkin, a prominent American novelist and short story writer, was brought to KU to visit with the creative writing students. Ohle showed Elkin his thing about Moldenke.
"This is pretty interesting," Elkin said. He told Ohle to send the story to his friend Gordon Lish, the fiction editor at Esquire. After it was published, a high-profile literary agent named Candida Donadio called Ohle. She represented Catch-22 author Joseph Heller, among others.
She marketed the Moldenke piece to publishing mogul Alfred A. Knopf. Not long afterward, Knopf published Ohle's 117-page novel, Motorman. Ohle graduated, with the novel as his master's thesis, and landed a job teaching creative writing at the University of Texas at Austin. They did not interview him. They just read Motorman.
Back to Esquire, page 98, paragraph three:
'Days would rush on a klick a minute. All things were tight then. Moldenke was free and green, bright suns behind him, spirals ahead.'
Motorman went out of print a few years after it was published. Ohle's next novel was a sequel called The Age of Sinatra. One-hundred-sixty-eight pages. It was published in 2004.
I met up with David Ohle for an interview at the Bourgeois Pig. When I got there he was sitting in the corner in front of a painting of the moon with a drink called a horsefeather in front of him.
From the KU Spencer Research Library's "Guide to the David Ohle Collection," on what happened after Motorman was published:
"Over the next few years, his short fiction appeared in the Transatlantic Review, Paris Review, Harper's and elsewhere. He also edited the non-fiction oral history, Cows are Freaky when they Look at You: An Oral History of the Kaw Valley Hemp Pickers (Watermark Press, 1991).
"Ohle taught at the University of Texas in Austin from 1975 - 1984. He then returned to Lawrence and continued to write and publish. In 2002 he began teaching fiction writing and screenwriting as a part-time lecturer at KU."
He was denied tenure at Texas because he couldn't get a second novel published. He sold his house in Austin and made about six times what he paid for it. He moved to Lawrence and worked various jobs. He wrote for a small advertising firm for a number of years. When it went tits up, he got a job teaching English at KU.
He became good friends with William S. Burroughs, who lived in Lawrence from 1981 until he died in 1997. He ate dinner with Burroughs and friends on Thursday nights, often cooking for them. He also typed up and did some initial editing of Burroughs' manuscripts, including "Queer" and parts of "The Cat Inside" and "The Western Lands."
In 1993 the Lawrence Journal-World published an article about Ohle, a New Orleans native, called "Getting his gumbo fix":
"To make it taste right, you have to have shrimp heads to make the stock,' he said, explaining that the fat and the richest flavor in a shrimp is in the head. 'The only place to get shrimp with heads on around here is at Asian markets.' "There's always a fall back, however. 'If you can't get shrimp with heads onthem you can use the shells to make a passable stock,' Ohle said. Thelast-ditch solution is to use bottled clam juice."
The article, diverting briefly from Ohle's gumbo secrets, mentions: "Of late, he's written The Flum, a sequel to his novel Motorman, which was published in 1972 by Alfred Knopf. The Flum is excerpted in the current issue of the literary magazine Conjunctions."
The truth was, The Flum had been finished in some form for years, and would wait in the wings for more than a decade further.
Pieces of it were published all over the place, from the Paris Review to the Missouri Review to the Transatlantic Review to the New Mexico Humanities Review.
But he could not get his novel published. He had an agent sending it everywhere. Each time it was rejected, he changed it and sent it off somewhere else, where it would get rejected again. At various times it was called The Neuts of Wall Street, On Oaken Homer, The Necronaut, Now and Then, and The Age of Oswald.
Publishers said it would not sell. It was too weird. Nineteen-seventy-two was the time and place for a guy like Ohle. People dug weird. Then the world returned to normal. The hippies lost. Ohle lost. Vince Lombardi and Raymond Carver won.
Ohle tried to change his writing style. He could not. He wrote screenplays and stage plays. He read them before small groups in New York. He hoped something would sell. Nothing did.
"Any number of times, I sat down and said, 'All right, I'm gonna write a novel now that's gonna be normal and it's gonna appeal to a wide market and I'm gonna make some money,'" he says. "I'd sit down and two or three paragraphs later, (clap). Can't do this. It's not my thing.
"I write that way because that's the only way I can do it. I have no choice."
Another thing was that The Flum et al. was weirder than Motorman.
Although Motorman is a very strange little novel about a guy (Moldenke) with four hearts (sheep hearts), it is a simple narrative and easy to read. The Flum demanded more patience. It covered a broader scope. It jumped around. It was not a simple narrative.
The catalyst for Ohle's change in style was a newspaper he published calledThe City Moon. The City Moon was kind of like The Onion. Except instead of running satirical headlines like, "Bush Proud U.S. Economic Woes Can Still Depress World Markets", they were more like,
"DREAMER DEAD AT TENSLEEP," "submarine guts peculiar boy," or "TITANIC RAISED: 3 DEAD 6 HURT 11 WILL HANG."
The paper was set in a bizarro world with reoccurring characters like the "Ape of Golf" and someone named Oneba, who at various times was the president. From 1973 to 1985 Ohle and his friend Roger Martin published 18 issues, distributing them exclusively in Lawrence (although one issue proclaimed "Life in Ancient Wichita" at the top.)
They had no ads, except fake ones ("Gons Hotel" [Picture of Transylvania-style castle] "Very Choice"). They did sometimes charge a nickel for the papers, sold at the KU Bookstore, and ask for donations. Martin taught English at KU, so they had access to the KU presses. They once got a grant for about $180 from the National Endowment for the Humanities.
In 1976 they received a little notoriety when Chancellor Archie Dykes ordered the paper removed from the student union. The predominant headline for the issue in question was,
"MAN SUCKS WETNAPS; BELLED BUZZARD SEEN; NECRONAUTS CRUISE."
That same year, The American Spectator fingered The City Moon as the worst example of "sewer journalism" in the United States, saying that only in the sewers of liberal New York could such smut conceivably be created.
Today you can find every issue at the Spencer Research Library, a bizarre place to read such things. Don't rest your elbow on the paper. They will yell at you. (I went to Martin's house instead.)
"The motto that I carried away from The City Moon was to always stop just short," Ohle says. "That was our motto. To never, ever completely tell enough detail for anyone to figure it out. And I think that applies in almost everything that I write. I don't want to over-explain things. Leave it kind of vague and uncertain.
"Motorman was different because that happened before City Moon. That was its own thing. Everything after that came after The City Moon, I developed all these notions of taking real stories and breaking them down and cutting them up, processing them and changing them. That's how that happened."
When we last left Ohle: He was writing advertising copy, etc., getting things published here and there, but no novel. In 1991 he co-edited Cows are Freaky When They Look at You, an oral history of hippies in and around Lawrence. Motorman was dead, The Flum unpublishable.
At some point in the early '00s, Ohle went to a literary hangout in New York called KGB Bar to read some stories. Somebody had read Motorman, realized Ohle was still alive, and invited him. Many more people showed up at the reading than he had expected. They had photocopies of Motorman.
"We've been reading this," they said. "We've been passing these copies around for years. We love it. Would you sign it?"
Listen to Ben Marcus, born in 1967, author of novels, head of the master's of creative writing program at Columbia University, big shot (he's got a wikipedia entry [unlike Ohle], with subheads, the whole shebang.)
He heard of Ohle from Gordon Lish. Lish is the guy who published Ohle in Esquire in 1972. Lish "was always talking about the classic forgotten books that he published," Marcus says. "David Ohle was sort of this legendary figure."
Legendary in the sense that Marcus heard all about how fantastic Motorman was but couldn't find a copy. He and his buddies got obsessed and searched all over New York. Finally he found one, read it, loved it, shared it with all his friends, anybody who would take it.
This occurrence had been happening, in small circles where such things happen, for years. My father, at some point in the 1970s, photocopied the thesis page-by-page from Watson Library. Photocopies like this became scattered across the country. Ohle was oblivious.
"I honestly had no idea, not one idea, that anybody was reading it at all," he says. He mentions his thesis. "I don't know if it's still there or not. Somebody might have stolen it."
Someone has, in fact, stolen it. KU library records show that it went missing in 1993. Another copy of the book went missing in 2002. Another copy is currently checked out. (The Lawrence Public Library doesn't carry it at all these days. Otherwise it would probably be missing there as well.)
The last few years have been somewhat miraculous. Not in the sense of Ohle becoming famous or making a lot of money, but in the sense that he's gone from forgotten author to, at least among some fans, "forgotten genius," and Motorman has gone from a forgotten book to "cult classic."
Motorman was reprinted by a small publisher called 3rd bed in 2004. Ben Marcus wrote the introduction. The Flum was published that same year as The Age of Sinatra by another small publisher, Soft Skull Press. Ohle also edited a nonfiction book last year on Burroughs' son, called Cursed From Birth: The Short, Unhappy Life of William S. Burroughs Jr.
In a storyline somewhat resembling the Flum debacle, Ohle was supposed to have another Moldenke book, The Pisstown Chaos, published by Soft Skull Press. The cover was designed and everything. But the publisher didn't get enough orders from booksellers to cover the cost of printing.
In other news, Ohle wrote a short novel with his long, lost, strange childhood friend who's a professor in South Africa, called The Duck Ladies. Ohle sent it to a publisher and is waiting to hear back.
How Motorman ends
As always, I remain, Moldenke.
The Duck Ladies is a novel Lawrence writer David Ohle and his friend Randall Hepburn wrote together. Ohle and Hepburn grew up together in New Orleans.
Beginning in first grade, they'd spend their days together playing in the graveyard and the racetrack when it was empty. Hepburn went to a seminary for high school, Ohle says, but was kicked out for heresy. They went to LSU together and then Ohle moved to San Francisco and applied to various graduate schools for writing but didn't get accepted.
Meanwhile, Hepburn was at KU getting his PhD in entomology, the study of insects. Ohle asked him if KU had a writing program, and it did, so he came to Lawrence.
In 1969 Hepburn moved to South Africa and got a job teaching at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.
Ohle did not hear from him for 36 years. Then, several months ago, he got an email from him, asking if he wanted to collaborate on some kind of writing project. Ohle said sure, and Hepburn started sending stuff based on his world travels as a bee expert.
"They would be one or two pages of this bizarre, really interesting stuff," Ohle says. "He was always a good writer, but this was way over the top. And I thought, 'That's great.' He would send me two pages, I would write two pages. He'd send me one page, I'd write one page."
One day, after four or five months of this, the writing from Hepburn stopped as abruptly as it had begun.
"He just said he'd run out of words," Ohle says. "He still sends emails but no more writing. : We had about 100 pages done at that point, so I thought, 'Well, that's it. Each of us have done about half of this thing, and it's just 100 pages long, that's all. It's just a short novel.' And that's where it stands."
Ohle has sent it to a publisher and is awaiting word." - Frank Tankard

David Ohle, The Age of Sinatra (Soft Skull Press, 2004)

«"If David Ohle's writing is any indication, modern fables with sharp political critiques are definitely on the upswing." In the Lawrence author's newest book, he Age of Sinatra," Ohle (rhymes with cannoli) documents and caricatures political and social observations over recent years. His story explores a dark and bizarre society where unimpeded leaders use mass mind control techniques, surprising objects are edible, law and jurisdiction are arbitrary, hair is smoked, and the smack-down of one (regardless of guilt or innocence) is good for everybody. The Age of Sinatra is written in a unique style that mocks much of what we see in politics and society by watching "ordinary" people live in a grim reality.
Fighting the good fight, in the most passive way possible is hero, Moldenke. He unwittingly becomes a major player in an attempt to assassinate the president by just being at the wrong place at the right time. However, the political uprising is rarely directly addressed, as none of the main characters care about it any more than they care about the daily gossip in their edible newspapers. Tragically, even though everything Moldenke does is a direct result of something that happens to him, he is still at the brutal whim of fickle authorities. This forces a sense that both thoughtful action and submissive inaction yield the same results, giving an oppressive despondency to the book.
While the plot can be boiled down to an attempted government coup, this really isn't the gist of the book. Because the revolt aspect only becomes obvious after the halfway mark, it seems almost like an afterthought-a storyline that was merely laid on top of the twisted, dystopian world that Ohle needed to channel into print. But while a reader idles in Ohle's reality, waiting for him to get us to where he wants us, there is plenty of information to soak in. This is the point.
The setting is heavy on quasi-real elements, observable today, like stylish self-mutilation and media that can be bought for political marketing. Ohle describes these traits out of proportion and to a grotesque extreme. As an example, there is a widely acclaimed doctor that performs the best elective deformations on people-one character is literally all-thumbs, all the time. While many of the characters have some sort of trendy surgery, the most pervasive aspect of The Age of Sinatra is the regular radio announcements performed by President Ratt. It is law that everyone must stop and listen to the public broadcasts of the president as he decrees new outlandish regulations and repeals rules from days before. These radio announcements, it is speculated, are also responsible for the periodic "Forgettings." Not surprisingly, attitudes toward the Forgettings go as the president says, "Come rejoice. Every Forgetting is a renewal, not a loss." And perhaps that's what makes Ohle's hopeless world worth living. To calm a prisoner who was unjustly sentenced to break up sludge in the French Sewer, Moldenke's mother says, "No sense in worrying. A great Forgetting is on the way. All this will be gone." These Forgettings, a reader can hope, are the only reason characters see fit to divulge every disgusting and intimate detail of their personal lives with each other while sitting around smoking hair.
All aspects of this repulsive world are written about in a tone that is dark and organic. Ohle focuses intensely on human flatulence, secretions and decomposition. Vivid descriptions of putridity riddle the pages and because of this, there is a constant, perceivable background that mires the story in filth. Oddly enough, inspite of the muck-or aided by it, perhaps-Ohle manages to be funny. Whenever a character mentions a Forgetting, invariable another character quips about something that slipped his mind. And then there's the rhyming. In an interview with Moldenke's mother (famed inventor of edible money), a reporter's first question is, "Is it true, about the glue?" To which Agnes Moldenke then describes her insatiable appetite for drinking the stuff.
Rhyming is just one way Ohle reveals his fanaticism about playing with not just words, but language as a whole. He explores how language-play, when controlled exactly, can extract a precise sentiment from a reader. For instance, there is a character name Hilter who appears on the cruise ship Titanic. Even with two letters of his name transposed, a reader instantly suspects a fellow with a name like that to display cruel or racists traits. Not so. Ohle does the opposite of what is expected and never treats Hilter's name any differently than those of Moldenke or another character, Ophelia Balls. And just when I was lulled into not taking any name at name-value, the Titanic sinks and forces me to rethink my assumptions.
When I first began to read the book, I put it down about a third of the way through. The style of The Age of Sinatra is designed to keep the author in control o the reader. There are no chapter divisions in the book and no wasted words. Ohle leaves holes in his descriptions that forces readers to trust that he will reveal more details later. When I looked at the book again, I knew I needed to start over and just plow through it. This, surprisingly, was a satisfactory way to read The Age of Sinatra. It gave me a useful familiarity with the unrealistic setting, the characters and style that allowed me to cringe and laugh and gag in all the places where the author might have intended» - Katie Greene

"The Age of Sinatra by David Ohle again features the protaganist of his early 70's novel Motorman, Moldenke. While in Motorman we experienced a world wildly divergent, but with startingly similar parallels, to the one we live in, THE AGE OF SINATRA offers an alternative reality teasingly similar to ours. Ohle achieves this mostly by using various powerful words out of context — the Titanic, President Kenny — in addition to adding more "realistic" dialogue.
The characters in the book are quite concerned with temporal eras, which are named according to the year of forgetting that originated them. The first era is The Age of Sinatra. Right before the end of this age an excavation unearths a corpse, with the middle name of Arvey, that all, at least early in the book, are required to worship. The Age of Sinatra came to an end with the Forgetting of '64. We learn little of this time period, because most of the book is set after the Forgetting of '69.
It is thought by many that the apparent leader of the society, Radio Ratt, creates these mass forgettings to keep himself in power. That said, other characters wonder if he is simply a 'semiotic construct'. At one point Ratt is quoted as saying that there have been 12 forgettings, but, like most everything else in this book, we need to take this with a degree of skepticism.
In order to locate some firm ground from which we can begin to make sense of this book, it helps I think to consider what remains stable throughout: the class system; borders between human, machine and animal blurred; laws and the legal system. There seems to be three, possibly four classes, or maybe races, of people: Settlers, Stinkers, and Neutrodynes, or 'Neuts' for short. (I assume that 'normative' characters, such as Moldenke and the characters he spends his time with and treats as equals, are 'settlers', but I could be wrong.) Both the Stinkers and the Neuts seem to be treated more or less like slaves. We frequently see them in cages of one sort or another. They seem to be required to do what the Settlers tell them to. And, probably because it is sometimes taboo to mate with them, many Settlers find them sexually attractive.
That said, the class structure seems to be a cultural construct, for we learn that Ratt himself is part Stinker. In addition, Moldenke begins to grow a flocculus on his chin, which is characteristic of the Neuts. This cruel and arbitrary hierarchy is held together not through any true differentiation, but through violence and the threat of violence.
Categories are furthered blurred by cross-specie surgeries. This book has characters who engage in elective surgery in order to have infected limbs or three eyes. It is thought that these come from animals, but there is evidence that Stinkers are harvested for their parts. This society is one where the boundaries between human, machine, and animal, between healthy and unhealthy, have been blurred and at times completely dissolved. Yet the class system remains.
The final frequent and clear referent is to the legal codes and the criminal justice system. The system is arbitrary in two ways. Laws may be decided on by Ratt about ridiculously random issues. And he often contradicts himself. One day reading on the bus is punishable. The next day people are required to read on the bus.
What's more, guilty people, even those who committed heinous crimes, are considered innocent if the have a 'waiver,' and rumors seem to abound as to where they can be picked up. On top of this, all crimes must be blamed on someone, so if a person has a waiver, another, innocent person is arrested in their place.
Such absurdities go on and on.
So what is this book about? It is about controlling a population as told from the perspective of those being controlled. It is about how people can be distracted by the unimportant. How they are encouraged to sugarcoat cruelty. How they are encouraged to forget what they most need to remember. It is about the narcissism of profoundly confused people.
Sound familiar?» - Jefferson Hansen

«David Ohle is a natural born terrorist — insofar as Naked Lunch is the definitive English translation of the Koran. And if — as was provocatively asserted in Don DeLillo's Mao II — the terrorist has hijacked the novelist's role within our culture, is it then somehow supercilious of me to report that Ohle has written a novel that will behead his readers? Said novel is The Age of Sinatra, in which, it should be noted, "elective deformation" of one's body is the predominant fashion trend. Readers, in this case, can attire themselves however they see fit (the orange jumpsuit is optional). And I'd like to propose that getting your head lopped off by Ohle's fiction is a strange and unforgettable experience.
Some essential backstory: The Age of Sinatra is billed as a sequel to Motorman, published in 1972 by Knopf, and just reissued by 3rd Bed. Here we first encountered Moldenke, the stonepick-smoking, compulsive letter-writing, Beckettian hero ("At best I can say that I am here, although I don't know where. I am at large and about") as he journeys to and through a place dubbed the bottoms. Moldenke, suffering from a heart condition, consults his physician, Dr. Burnheart, who installs four sheep hearts in Moldenke's chest, and removes one of his lungs. Moldenke is also a veteran of the "mock War" in which citizens enlist for an injury of their own devising. He, in a moment of guilt-induced heroism, volunteered to give up "a list of feelings" and to receive a "minor fracture," whereupon a nurse promptly smashed his kneecap.
Motorman's landscape is chockablock with multiple suns and moons (Ohle effortlessly strafes the traditional tropes of science fiction, the epistolary novel, and the picaresque), and is populated with a nefarious breed of faux humans called jellyheads. Here is a scenish bit of prose in which an otherwise listless Moldenke combats two hitchhiking jellyheads he unwittingly picked up in his k-rambler: "Moldenke exposed his letter opener. 'You first.' The man came forward. 'Bend over.' The man bowed. With the letter opener, Moldenke opened a small hole in the back of the neck, enough for two fingers. He put a thumb and forefinger in and widened the hole, a clear jelly spilling out, down his trenchpants. He did the woman, her jelly more clouded, her rubber skull a little thicker than the professor's had been. In the morning, with two suns behind him like stray moons, he examined his vehicle." This is a textual torture so pleasurable that Motorman generated an ominous subplot while out of print—that of readers' reverent anti-chatter about the novel's spiritual effects. Forget cult status: Motorman birthed its own sleeper cell.
In The Age of Sinatra, Ohle has seemingly concocted some sort of covert Oulipian recipe regarding the fantastic versus realism. Yes, there's still a wealth of joyful, invented terminology (edible books, contraband hair) in the sequel, but this time around there's substantially more reality injected into Moldenke's world, which paradoxically bolsters the novel's bizarro quotient. Familiar historical icons (the Titanic, the name Hitler, etc.) are invoked in such a light as to make them seem alien, heretofore nonexistent. When we catch up with Moldenke in The Age of Sinatra, he's aboard the Titanic, and suffering from the most recent "Forgetting," which amounts to an erasure of the citizenry's collective memory. One day in the Titanic's bistro Moldenke is convicted of a crime he did not commit ("Crime is not a failure of the individual, but of the culture. As long as someone is held accountable, and punished accordingly, that's jolly good for the commonweal") and is sentenced to do time in the French Sewer. His daily task is thus: "The procedure is simple. Use the rabot to break up the clumps when you see them. Push the material along." After serving his sentence, Moldenke's heart and scrotal sac are replaced with those of an actual "French pig," although in reality the heart probably belonged to a "Stinker," the latter to a "neutrodyne." Moldenke eventually gets entangled in the one-eyed prison guard Sergeant Montfaucaon's campaign to have President Ratt assassinated (the same President Ratt who in his radio address declares the number 11 should be called onety-one). Think The Phantom Tollbooth in a Technicolor, head-on collision with the Book of Job.
So how does the sequel measure up to the original? Both novels are required reading, and one wishes 3rd Bed godspeed in their apparent mission to exhume innovative works of contemporary fiction from our nation's literary graveyard (their other resurrected title is Gary Lutz's syntactelicious Stories in the Worst Way). American readers should take note of this insurgent fiction writer, David Ohle, who flays the human condition to singular, hallucinatory effect.» - Gabe Hudson
David Ohle, The Pisstown Chaos ( Soft Skull Press, 2008) )

«The Pisstown Chaos is a novel about disease and forced-relocation. Political power seems to be solely in the hands of one Reverend Herman Hooker, an “American Divine” who revels in the peoples' suffering as they are “shifted” (separated from — and then randomly coupled with — one another) by decree every five years. There are up-shifts, down-shifts, and side-shifts, but no attempt to make harmonious pairings. Chaos rages on as parasitic infestations spread and the Reverend rules with an iron fist from his Templex headquarters, spouting platitudes to the ever-moving masses.»

«Ohle's 1972 classic, Motorman, and its sequel, The Age of Sinatra (2004), made him a legend. Fans will rejoice-in their own dystopian way-at the arrival of this mesmerizing installment. Ohle presents a parallel universe where people travel in vehicles called Q-peds; subsist on starch bars, urpmilk and perhaps some imp-meat; and get drunk on Jake and stoned on willywhack to dull the anxieties of the age, which are many. The blighted landscape is overrun by "stinkers" suffering the final zombie-like stage of a parasite infection, and an unspecified "Chaos" perpetually threatens Pisstown. Then there is the deranged authority, the "American Divine," led by Reverend Hooker. In this world, readers follow the fortunes of the Balls family. Grandmother Mildred is quarantined with a mild parasite infection and must protect a corral of stinkers from wild imps. At the family estate, Mildred's granddaughter, Ophelia, battles stinkers burrowing under the house until she receives orders from Hooker. Ophelia's brother, Roe, eventually comes under Hooker's sway as well. Ohle's creation of a vivid world, both familiar and foreign, dark and slyly humorous, makes the book a grim delight.» - Publishers Weekly

«In Motorman, David Ohle's dizzying 1972 debut, we first meet Moldenke, the author's hapless, indelible alter ego. Moldenke is as unfortunate as his name might suggest: passive, inert, afflicted. In one Motorman scene, he has four sheep hearts installed in his chest at the casual recommendation of his physician, whose prescription for post-op convalescence is: "Imagine yourself in a mock meadow, grazing."
Though Moldenke has now played the ostensible protagonist in two of the three novels Ohle has published, it's the world he endures that is Ohle's true subject—whether Motorman's Texaco City, with its multiple suns and "government moons," The Age of Sinatra's Titanic cruise (on which Moldenke is arrested and sent to a prison known only as the "French Sewer"), or Pisstown, the plagued, vivid setting of The Pisstown Chaos.
In Pisstown's ailing landscape, a parasite is turning citizens into decaying "stinkers"—"dead, but not enough to bury." Moldenke is infected, a "death traveler" glimpsed passing through Pisstown's Bum Bay. But it's the Balls family—Grandpa Jacob, Grandma Mildred, and their grandchildren, Ophelia and Roe—that the novel most closely chronicles. Forced apart by arbitrary "shifting orders," which come down from the Reverend Herman Hooker (a mad-despot heir to Motorman's Bunce and Sinatra's President Ratt), the family must wander, weathering episodic periods of chaos. Mildred falls prey to parasites and ends up in isolation in a prison colony, where she's cured by the bite of a fiddleback spider; Ophelia becomes first the consort to the Abbot of Bum Bay, a carnival giant formerly known as Dimitri Machnov, then an investigator of unsolved crimes; Roe ends up working as a special assistant to Hooker himself, where his duties include masturbating the great man over a sink.
Part epistolary satire, part Fénéon's Novels in Three Lines (the narrative, such as it is, alternates with cryptic and alarming Pisstown news bulletins), Ohle's book pulses with the cool logic of the insane—the kind of deadpan surrealism that Ben Marcus once memorably pegged as "apathy noir." The familiar battles the strange, and the duel ends in a delirious tie.» - Zach Baron

«One could thumbnail The Pisstown Chaos, David Ohle’s third novel in thirty-odd years, as a dark-comic fantasia, and the author himself as a long-term toiler in the fields of postwar American experimentalism. And yet he remains elusive, far more obscure than he deserves to be, and the book, like the rest of Ohle’s small oeuvre, is a bit hard to account for. His first book, Motorman, from 1972, could be situated within the vein of Barthelme et al.; but what came after—well, what came after was silence. Decades passed, the debut accruing cult status all the while, until the appearance of the extraordinary The Age of Sinatra (2004), a kind of sequel to Motorman, set in a dystopian future America and crafted, seemingly, on another planet.
Pisstown follows to some degree on Sinatra’s heels, after a gap of only four years, and makes with the previous works a disjointed trilogy. If you think the Bush years have been bad, wait until the era presided over by Pisstown’s Reverend Herman Hooker, whose pseudotheology accommodates both the nonsensical and the sinister, with proverbs like “Travel is the serious part of frivolous lives” and “Too much learning is a dangerous thing.” His administration’s brief is twofold: to quarantine the innumerable poor bastards infested with parasites, which over years turn their hosts into living-dead “stinkers,” and to destabilize the populace with continuous “shiftings” and forced matings. Society’s ills include rampant violence, scant power beyond that provided by human-pedaled flywheels, and a mania for the repugnant commodity of tooth gold, harvested on occasion from the living. The diet consists more or less entirely of starch bars, eel, grasshopper, something called urpmilk, and various cuts of imp, a creature that the cagey Ohle avoids describing physically but that behaves, like his universe, in both playful and savage ways.
Unlike the writer to whom he is most often linked, William S. Burroughs, Ohle eschews radical prose play; the characterization of his writing as experimental derives from his grim absurdity, the flatness of his characters and tone, and his rejection of traditional novelistic arcs. His style is approachable and precise; he writes with dry humor in detailing the bizarre: impregnation by suppository, a Russian giant receiving a leech treatment, a job deliberately misfolding parachutes. Like Burroughs, however, Ohle locks on to dehumanizing situations and processes; his characters speak in a benumbed, perplexing blend of blank Americanism and stilted B-movie dialogue. And check the baroque carnage chronicled in the popular newspaper The City Moon:
After an evening together at the Bones Jangle a steam press operator and his stinker paramour returned to their hotel, The Gons, where he plunged a knife into his companion’s body. She, in turn, quickly unsheathed the blade from her taut, sunken belly, and plunged her lover twice. Still, they laughed until other guests complained.
The faux-journalistic deadpan of these entries, which echo the stories in Thomas Bernhard’s The Voice Imitator, sets the tone for the book’s approach to emotional life and humanism, and the chapter openings they comprise provide some of the book’s finest writing.
Pisstown resembles the United States at the turn of the last century; we encounter patent medicines, house hands with names like Red Cane, and a lack of indoor plumbing, from which the scatologically obsessed Ohle seems to derive no end of pleasure (I have never read a novel with so many enemas and colonics or a writer with such a grasp of the erotics of discharge). This last emphasis is to a point, however. In foregrounding both the abjection of the body and desperate small power plays, Ohle recalls Beckett. In particular, he does so during the book’s single eruption of nuanced psychology, when one of our heroes, a simple young man named Roe Balls, accidentally plunges headfirst into a latrine while trying to retrieve his only wad of cash. As things get grim (“That’s when I got sick and vomited the first time”), Roe begins to panic, hallucinates, and is struck by a feeling unglimpsed in the rest of the book, one of a lesser order and all the more human for it. He is embarrassed:
I thought that the waste might start rotting my skin. I worried about catching diseases. But the main thing I started worrying about was, what will Grandmother think when I get out? I was humiliated, extremely shamed. I was mortified. I thought about suicide. It might not be worth getting out if Grandmother was going to tease me and make fun of me. And I knew she would. I felt like ending my life right there. It wasn’t worth coming out. . . . But I didn’t kill myself. I waited, and I cried until the dawn finally came and I saw the first light through the hole, the hole that led up to life, real life, not life in the pit.
Roe’s account of his ordeal, offered to a magistrate trying him for the crime of “privy dipping,” stands in for a conventional climax. It seems that Ohle wants to show the reader that the toy-theater cutouts he moves about so masterfully could, with a shift of light, reveal a third dimension at any moment. They don’t, but the possibility of our being made to feel causes the tale to turn quite bleak, and Ohle’s rich black comedy becomes, as you go on, a bit harder to laugh at.» - Domenick Ammirati

«When Motorman (1972), David Ohle’s surpassingly weird first novel, was brought back into print four years ago to coincide with a long-awaited sequel, The Age of Sinatra, acolytes appeared from the blue, professing devotion (“awesomely carving deep, black holes into the edifice of the English language” was how Ben Marcus described the book) as if they’d been waiting all their lives to testify. Because, as another author/fan, Gabe Hudson, remarked, it wasn’t a cult Ohle had generated; it was a sleeper cell.
With the publication of The Pisstown Chaos, Ohle’s siren call has rung again. His third novel takes place in the same menacing cartoon of a dystopia as his earlier books, which means that its chronological relation to those books is also kind of fuzzy. Time has never had much purchase in Ohleland. Although some folks can still recall when “Kenny” was president and when “Arvey” assassinated him, at some point—in ’64 to be precise—something called the Great Forgetting officially expunged the nation’s collective memory. And as for Moldenke, the stoic everyman who persevered through all the gross-out iniquities Motorman and The Age of Sinatra could throw at him (including a surgery to implant four sheeps’ hearts), he’s no anchor for the reader. Moldenke makes only cameo appearances in The Pisstown Chaos, as a touring performance artist.
These days, Moldenke and his countrymen live in a theocracy under the Reverend Herman Hooker. Determined to limit the spread of a parasite that turns its human hosts (Moldenke included) into odoriferous “stinkers,” Hooker has instituted a national program of enforced “shiftings,” dividing up families seemingly at random, and relocating them to trailers, shantytowns, prisons, and labor camps. Among those ordered to abandon their homes and assume far-flung bureaucratic assignments are the hapless protagonists of The Pisstown Chaos, wealthy widow Mildred Balls and her grandchildren, Ophelia and Roe.
Yet, as usual, it is Ohle’s topsy-turvy mise-en-scène that’s the real main character. Like his precursor Beckett, Ohle knows just how funny, and also how frightening, a world without memory is (“Stars? Moon? I don’t know. I never looked up much”). Each of the novel’s twelve chapters opens with excerpts from the City Moon newspaper, and Ohle’s exquisitely rendered journalese is awesome in its deadpan illogic: “Moldenke, the touring stinker, has filed a deed to purchase certain properties in the afterworld. Local legals say the properties do not exist. Moldenke says they do, at the edge of the city, and that he has seen them as recently as two nights ago.”
Ohle has lived in Kansas for decades, but he has always identified himself at the backs of his books, presumably with pride, as a “native of New Orleans.” And so in this macabre novel of a people dispossessed, written in what for him must have been an unprecedented hurry (thirty-two years passed between Motorman and The Age of Sinatra), it is difficult not to spot the imagery of Hurricane Katrina. Still, Ohle didn’t dig those black holes with mere political allegory. Or by writing politely. No amount of description will prepare you for the icky, cavernous, taboo places in your mind to which he’ll lead you, hand in hand, Virgil to your Dante. You’ll recognize some of these places, of course. The question is, how did he get in there?» - Benjamin Strong

«Moldenke, the touring stinker, has filed a deed to purchase certain properties in the afterworld. Local legals say the properties do not exist. Moldenke says they do, at the edge of the city, and that he has seen them as recently as two nights ago. "They are vast. Their earth is black, rich and fecund," he told the City Moon. 'It has arable soil, surprisingly rich in nutrients. A white cabbage grows there in profusion.' With a wink to one of the Guards, the legal asked Moldenke, 'This afterworld of yours. Do the wicked on Earth continue in their wickedness there, and the good in their goodness?'
Moldenke's answer: 'Yes, in churches and nice homes. The wicked get worse, the good go bad, only the indifferent remain the same. The average Joe can't understand it.' " - David Ohle, The Pisstown Chaos
The Pisstown Parasite has transformed masses of people into stinking, decaying wanderers. An all-powerful leader, Reverend Hooker, American Divine, is continually shifting people all over the place, from Pisstown to Indian Apple to Bum Bay to Permanganate Island, at random.
Folks don't drink beer. They drink Jake. They don't smoke pot. They eat willywhack. They don't drive cars. They pedal Q-peds. They live off of imp-meat, starch bars and urpmeal bread. Water is usually contaminated. Corruption is widespread. Manners are crude.
The Balls family-Mildred and her two grandchildren, Ophelia and Roe-are torn from their wealthy estate through Reverend Hooker's shifting program and kept on their toes by the whims of circumstance and Hooker's fickle, impulsive decrees.
Characters come to accept their fates, protecting their sanity through passivity as their lives bounce from one random occurrence to another. Order isn't expected. Resistance seems useless.
This dystopian world that 66-year-old Lawrence author David Ohle has created in his third novel, The Pisstown Chaos, may take a while to acclimate to, but once this occurs there is a profound joy to be discovered in being enveloped by it.
The novel is preceded by the following quote by Reverend Herman Hooker, a real-life 19th century American preacher: "We die that we may die no more." In the world in which Pisstown takes place, this quote becomes the first and most important aphorism of the fictional Reverend Hooker's Field Guide, which every good Hookerite is expected to memorize.
Ohle says he was flipping through an old reference book, The Dictionary of Thoughts, when he came across the quote under the heading of "death."
"The Reverend Hooker in the book believes that death is insignificant, it doesn't matter, it's actually good for you," Ohle explains. "This is the fundamental philosophy of his way of looking at things."
Such distortions-social tenets sometimes spun backwards, other times in more arbitrary directions-are one of the defining features of Ohle's novels.
In the 1970s and '80s, he and local journalist Roger Martin sporadically published an absurdist newspaper called the City Moon - which survives as the name of the newspaper in the world of Pisstown-and the unofficial motto that guided them was "stop just short."
"I don't want to over-explain things," Ohle once said of his writing. "Leave it kind of vague and uncertain."
The material is so strange-one critic compared reading The Age of Sinatra to "getting your head lopped off" - his novels are often misclassified as science fiction, which many small bookstores don't carry. "Satire is all it is," Ohle says.» - Frank Tankard

David Ohle, Cursed from Birth: The Short, Unhappy Life of William S. Burroughs, Jr. (Soft Skull Press, 2006)

David Ohle, Roger Martin, Susan Brosseau ,eds., Cows Are Freaky When They Look at You: An Oral History of the Kaw Valley Hemp Pickers (Watermark Press, 1991)

Ben Marcus is a genius, one of the most daring, funny, morally engaged and brilliant writers, someone whose work truly makes a difference in the world

Ben Marcus, Notable American Women (Vintage Books, 2002)

«On a farm in Ohio, American women led by Jane Dark practice all means of behavior modification in an attempt to attain complete stillness and silence. Witnessing (and subjected to) their cultish actions is one Ben Marcus, whose father, Michael Marcus, may be buried in the back yard, and whose mother, Jane Marcus, enthusiastically condones the use of her son for (generally unsuccessful) breeding purposes, among other things. Inventing his own uses for language, the author Ben Marcus has written a harrowing, hilarious, strangely moving, altogether engrossing work of fiction that will be read and argued over for years to come.»

“Ben Marcus has been accused of redesigning the ordinary sentence, of emptying words of their meaning and injecting them with new, of treating grave matters (such as family and humankind in general) with farcical disrespect, and of blowing away traditional narrative structures with a diabolical wind. And all this may be true. But for those who would describe this work as fantastic, surreal, or anti-real, I can only say that this is Ohio exactly as I remember it. Jane Dark was my fourth grade teacher.” —Robert Coover

“Notable American Women is a weird nougat of a book that suggests Coetzee, Kafka, Beckett, Barthelme, O’Brien, Orwell, Paley, Borges—and none of them exactly. Finally you just have to chew it for its own private juice.” —Padgett Powell

“Ben Marcus’s Notable American Women is a radical performance in American fiction. It is too literary for the novel as it is now practiced and consumed, and too perverse for other plausible designations. In order to pioneer the Marcus life-project the writer provides a ferocious handbook which, followed to the letter, launches a permanent revolution of nothingness. A family of unprecedented personae—the Marcuses, aided on the distaff side by Jane Dark, her listeners and Silentists—are brought forth to insure the evolution of “a new category.” The writer “fathers” an extensive formal vocabulary to advance the Behavior Bible’s annihilating goals, including uncomely devices and strategies like the fainting tank, the thought rag, the shushing posture, along with an array of essential life-project products such as the Ben Marcus Locater Bell, Chew Stand, Apology Center, Thompson Waterô, etc. It is killingly funny, and creepily sad. This book represents an unmediated thrusting toward love with an arsenal of intellectual alienation, and just as forcefully, a thrusting toward alienation with an arsenal of brotherly love–depending upon where you are poised to withstand the cataclysm. It is a profound and profane description of our basest drive: fear. Notable American Women is the work of a retiring albeit twisted virtuoso. Not for the pusillanimous reader.” — C. D. Wright

Notable American Women gives us, with great panache and in eerie detail, a world that is cruelly reasonable within the near-religious limitations of its weird laws and customs. It is a book as unique as it is wonderfully strange.” —Gilbert Sorrentino

“Notable American Women is an enchanting and moving novel. Like Italo Calvino and Lewis Carrol, Ben Marcus reconfigures the world that we might see ourselves in a cultural and moral landscape that is disturbingly familiar, yet entirely new. As though granted a new beginning, Marcus renames the creatures of our world, questions who we are and who, as men and women, we might be. Notable American Women is a wonder book, pleasurable and provocative.” —Maureen Howard

“Auden, who asked two things of an imagined world—that it be somehow like ours and somehow unlike—would be Ben Marcus’s ideal reader, yet even without the poet’s dire program, I am altogether taken by this hilarious and sexy alternative universe. Just imagine! it is all done with words instead of mirrors, so much more reliable and so much more heartbreaking. Thus Prospero enthralls his crew.” —Richard Howard

“Ben Marcus’s novel is funny and touching and full of movement and sound, all of which is even more remarkable since the book itself is about stillnesses and The Silentists and Behavior Water and things you put in your mouth to keep you from speaking. Marcus investigates—with equal passion—the intricacies of a new mythology alongside the intimacies of a broken family. This is the kind of strange and beautiful book you just want to have around, to dip into again and again.” —Aimee Bender

“I don’t use the word lightly, in fact, I don’t use it at all, but Ben Marcus is a genius, one of the most daring, funny, morally engaged and brilliant writers, someone whose work truly makes a difference in the world. His prose is, for me, awareness objectified—he makes the word new and thus the world.” —George Saunders

“[Ben Marcus] constructs his narratives as an astronomer would a space telescope, so as to better observe and laugh at the earthly conventions of realism... Imagine The World According to Garp as rewritten by Edward Gorey... Marcus’s prose can spiral up and away into sublime nonsense.” —Village Voice Literary Supplement

«Conceptual daring, deadpan humor and dizzying forays into allegory mark Marcus's first novel, the semi-science-fictional tale of a boy raised in a futuristic Ohio by his experimentalist parents and a sect of radical women Silentists. Ben Marcus, as the young protagonist is called, is made to swim in a "learning pond," drink "behavior water," follow the "Thompson Food Scheme" and take "language enemas." This regimen, designed by Silentist matriarch Jane Dark, is intended to purge Ben of all emotion, to "zero out [his] heart." Ben's father, who introduces the book with a bitter message to the reader, has been banished by the Silentists to a hole in the ground behind the house; Ben's mother, who bids the reader farewell at book's end, is a remorseless Silentist disciplinarian. Ben himself, taught to eschew all personal expression, tries to present a strictly utilitarian narrative of his upbringing weaving in a history of the Silentist movement, a disquisition on female names, and a manual of Silentist behavior and yet cannot help expressing the distress he feels in the smothering grasp of Jane Dark and her minions. Marcus has crafted a dystopian novel in the tradition of Brave New World and 1984, with an overlay of 21st-century irony and faux na vet . Writing in off-kilter documentary-style prose laden with acronyms and neologisms, he often wanders into ponderous whimsicality, but stretches of the novel are inspired riffs on contemporary totems and anxieties. Ambitious and polished, if sometimes willfully opaque, this is an intriguing debut.» - Publishers Weekly

«Marcus negotiates an esoteric though uniquely American literary terrain, mining such seemingly diverse sources as Gertrude Stein and Donald Barthelme. One of the virtues of this novel is that although it deals with issues of great significance such as gender, childhood, and coming of age, it is not easy to describe or paraphrase. Marcus reinvents the family drama in the story of a boy who grows up without feelings amidst a conspiracy of women obsessed with weather and silence. The book evokes an alternate reality revealing the dark side of our common history, an uncanny version of America that exists nowhere else but in Marcus's lyrical, abstract prose. This will be a difficult read for many, but it will surely stand the test of time as a genuinely important book.» - Philip Santo

«This deadpan dystopian novel documents the upbringing of a man who has been conditioned to have no emotions. In an alternate reality dominated by radical, powerful women known as the Silentists, the hero is subjected to laborious behavioral regimens including a regular "language fast," the elaborate "Thompson Food Scheme," and frequent swims in the "learning pond." But, with the heightened sensitivity of the dispossessed, he can't stop identifying the ways that life could be richer, and the result is like an anthropologist on hallucinogens. "I should be able to breathe without the sky suffering from lack of birds," he ruefully tells us. Although the novel's philosophical aims are at times frustratingly obscure, this "collision between satire and sadness," as the author has called it, is a dizzying reimagination of our relationship to language. If we're not at the epicenter of that collision, we're close enough so that the aftershock rattles our teeth.» - New Yorker

«Things open with a hilarious monologue by the father of "Ben Marcus, the improbable author of this book": a father who is buried deep in the backyard of the family house somewhere in Ohio and who, after alluding to "the Silent Mothers," urges readers to "forget Ben Marcus and his world of lies." The Silent Mothers seem to be the women, led by Jane Dark, who have taken over the culture in Marcus's futuristic America, devoting themselves to language purification-maybe elimination-and to the de-emotionalizing of people, not least poor young and strange Ben Marcus, who suffers under and through many of their techniques. These include straitjackets, "witness water," rags that are chewed to absorb sounds and languages, spartan diets, wooden posts to be gnawed on, deliberate fainting, sundry brutalities, even a "language diaper." The book's narrative languor comes about in part because these group-women remain only anonymous ciphers; their motives are left unexamined while their doings are endlessly, albeit brilliantly, "described" in dazzling cascades of Marcus-language. The author's wit can still capture perfect tens, as in "Blueprint," about writing a novel such as this one ("The book should be closed so hard that a wind blows from it, gusting however feebly into whatever little world there is left"), or in the closing piece of anti-male virulence (by the "author's" mother): "The four-point stance is my favorite posture for men. It indicatesreadiness, disguises fear, and raises their bottoms above their heads, which more authentically prioritizes a man's body." But ennui can set in, not because subject, theme, or story are lacking, but because, amid these fountains of linguistic brilliance, the reader never really meets, gets inside of, or cares about the people. Dazzling, genius-driven-and, alas, often tedious.» - Kirkus Reviews

«In Notable American Women, Ben Marcus has produced a novel the likes of which most readers have never seen.
Marcus certainly has his illustrious forebears. Robert Coover, Donald Antrim, Samuel Beckett and Franz Kafka come to mind - plus maybe Borges on a bad acid trip. But none of them has produced an ecstatic but nightmarish fantasy quite of this sort. And none of them has imbued their fictional worlds with quite this level of obsessive details, I think.
Imagine a Mandelbrot pattern with its endlessly magnifying geometric complexities and you get some of Notable American Women's frenetic, hyperreal obsessiveness. And like a Mandelbrot pattern - and opposed to, say, an Antrim novel - the real focus here (both yours and Marcus's) seems to rest on the hallucinatory kaleidoscope of images, rather than the storyline itself.
Somewhere in there, though, there's a dark plot or at least a dark scenario, and at the risk of reducing it too far, I'll summarize it thus: the protagonist - Ben Marcus (strange coincidence, that) - is being raised in Ohio by a cult-driven group of women called the Silentists. (Their leader is an ominous woman called Jane Dark.) As their name suggests, they oppose motion and sound, and the strict regimen they force on young Ben is designed to suppress feelings of all sorts. Among other things, they insist that he follow the strikingly restrictive Thompson Food Scheme and faint periodically to flush out emotions, as well as mating with Silentists in strictly controlled ways. While his father is briefly present, he is exiled to the backyard (he may even be buried there), and Ben is left to cope with Jane Dark's cult of Silentists as best he can on his own.
Sound strange enough for you? Or are you truly as jaded as you claim?
For all its oddities, Notable American Women is resoundingly contemporary in its genre-bending shenanigans. Indeed, hip readers will immediately know something doggedly postmodern is about to hit them when they flip the book over and read the following quotes on its back cover:
'Ben Marcus is a genius, one of the most daring, funny, morally engaged and brilliant writers, someone whose work truly makes a difference in the world.' - George Saunders
'How can one word from Ben Marcus's rotten, filthy heart be trusted?' - Michael Marcus, Ben's father
George Saunders is a literary god, and we should all take him at his word. But Marcus's own dad...
Then you open the book and discover that the novel's protagonist is also named Ben Marcus and your best hopes (or worst fears) are confirmed: this, ladies and gentlemen, is a prime example of the postmodern novel, full of ripe ironies and factual distortions that tease that unnervingly tenuous line between the real world and fiction. But my God: how could Marcus's family put up happily (dare I say silently?) with such a scandalous pseudo-memoir?
Will the real Ben Marcus please stand up?
The real Ben Marcus is an Assistant Professor of Creative Writing at Columbia University, and as the publicity material that accompanied my review copy helpfully points out, he grew up in a happy family and has never been to Ohio. Further details: his father is a mathematician, and his mother is a feminist critic and author (among her books, Art and Anger: Reading Like a Woman). We are further told that his real sister is still alive and living in Seattle (in the novel, she suffers a worse fate), that the real Marcus has only fainted once (during football practice), and that while the fictional Ben Marcus learned to stuff cloth into his mouth to absorb his feelings, "The real Ben was told by his orthodontist that he had the highest palate he'd ever seen."
Ah, those wacky postmodernists.
The only thing more amusing than reading Notable American Women might be reading an annotated edition that marks its divergences from the real Ben Marcus's life.
As funny and peculiar as Notable American Women is, though, it also has moments of stunningly well-done, visionary writing. Here, for example, Marcus describes seeing his father allowing himself to be pinned to the ground by a circle of girls:
If I held my breath, I could zoom my sight in right up close to his simple face, to a proximity no son should be allowed, and I quickly saw much too much of my father, an amount of his person I didn't think possible, which made me scared and disappointed by him at the same time. He should not be viewable so close-up, I thought. He should not be that dismissible. The more I held my breath, the more I felt I could leave my room through the window and swoop down through the circle of girls right up against my father's red, struggling face, not stopping there, but entering my father at his hard red mouth and plunging directly into the underside of his face, where I could look back out from his head at a ring of girls' faces encircling a cakelike round of sky, and, far beyond that, see the tiny face of a boy framed in glass, watching me as if it were my turn to be alive. I did not much want to be inside my father's face this way, restrained by children, while my son watched me from his window. No matter how hard I tried, I only noticed what was wrong: the clear flag we had raised alongside the spire on the roof, the unfinished shed where my learning was supposed to happen when Mother wasn't home, and then the learning pond itself, which from my father's point of view looked like an unpromising little puddle and nothing more. The water was muddy and slow and dead. A person might float on that water and never change. He might drink it and still remain himself for the rest of his life. I breathed. I blinked. I turned my head and exhaled in hard, short bursts until I had shaken my father's perspective.
I don't think Oprah's shutting down her edifying Book Club robbed Ben Marcus of a bestseller. Can you imagine her covering such a deliciously strange book? Particularly one which the author openly states that "Readers looking to indulge in the having of emotions (HOE) should do so on their own time, in small bursts, preferably in a closed room, coughing often into an absorbent rag and wringing the rag down a drain."
Nonetheless, its appearance in print (and with a weighty imprint like Vintage, no less) does say something about a publishing industry that's been attacked for monomaniacally hunting down the next Stephen King or Tom Clancy and rolling over a lot of great literary novelists in the process. We can only hope the publishing world backs more experimental works like this, once it sees Notable American Women sell surprisingly well for its genre.» - Charlie Onion

«About Ben Marcus there is so much to be discussed but nothing, really, to be explained. Through the 243 pages of Notable American Women and the 56 pages of The Father Costume, themes erupt with little warning only to slink away slowly into the murky gray of the page.
These are books about fathers, you think, connecting the dots between the first several pages of Notable and the entirety of Costume. But no. Later you decide these are books about mothers and their deep, dark hearts only to watch them washed over with words of love and understanding, even sorrow.
Well then, it's about sexuality, right? It's something to do with the dog-like Pal in Notable and the puddled mess Pal leaves little Ben Marcus in his bed. It's about breeding - the silent horror of sexuality. The forceful and animalistic nature of intercourse and the post coital nightmares that come as a result.
But none of it will do in this world created by Marcus, this allegorical stand-in for the real thing.
This is a world in which bodies and objects and hearts and minds have no boundaries. The walls between love and hate and human and machine are porous at best. These are big books with small pages about life, the daily and even hourly contradictions that are family, sex and, hell, even breathing. Each gulp threatens to kill you but somehow you know, in the end, it will redeem everything you thought you knew about yourself and your place in this equally cruel and beautiful world.
That's the promise, anyway, of all the surface-level weirdness that is the fiction of Ben Marcus -- below the cryptic McSweeney's crowd hipness and intellectual posturing and buried underneath the flashes of contempt someone as brilliant as Marcus clearly is appears to have for the average reader and even his own be-speckled, grad school writing program peers.
Get past all that and you are left with two heart-wrenching, intelligent and frequently funny books about family life, sexuality, feminism, identity, death, language and simple humanity. And who can really ask for more than that from any writer?
The constructs by which Marcus tackles these themes are as follows:
In Notable, we have the Marcus farmhouse in Ohio. A cult of American women, led by the duplicitous Jane Dark, takes over the household, relegating Ben's father, Michael Marcus, to a hole in the backyard and convinces his mother, Jane Marcus, that it is a good idea to use her son for breeding experiments. The end goal for this cult, by way of various means of behavior modification, is to create world of complete stillness and silence.
The Silentists, as the cult is called, protest sound, motion and, oh yeah, emotion, by subjecting members to such behavior modification tactics as controlled fainting, measured eating, motorized pantomining and very un erotic sex.
The actual text is a bit gimmicky, posing as letters to the reader, guidebooks, chronologies and answers to frequently asked questions. It drags at times but Marcus's penchant for the poetic and his credentials (he has a B.A. in philosophy) to tackle a variety of human themes in a fresh, funny manner hold this book together.
One of the themes, or obsessions depending on how you want to look at things, that ties both Notable and Father together is the ineptitude of the father figure.
When the Silentists take over, Michael Marcus (who is quoted on the jacket of the book wondering how anyone could trust a 'one word from Ben Marcus's rotten, filthy heart') slinks away to the hole in the backyard, surfacing occasionally to yell at the women and Ben only to be hissed back down to his prison.
In Father, two boys and their father take to the sea under the fear of attack at home. Language problems persist. The narrator admits to a language problem -- he cannot read cloth. His brother speaks something called Forecast. The father wears a costume of himself and mostly ignores the narrator's attempts to communicate.
When they get to sea, they begin to notice the futility of their trip, the evidence of families gone before them and their abandoned platforms. Once in the water, they begin to worry about concealment. But the narrator has his doubts about his father's adequacy for the task at hand:
'If it were up to me, I would not come from a place where fathers leave their houses by boat. Where fathers kill a costume and leave heaps of cloth like grave sites in their wake. I would choose a world of straight grass roads, with only famous years, with only days of actual light, where a metronome might be silenced by the right kind of sunlight. I would choose a house free of kill holes where a mother still stood upright and walked the rooms, using a soothing medical voice entirely free of cloth.' In Marcus's first book of stories, The Age of Wire and String, the creations of language and meaning built through the text don't add up to much. They're brilliant and sometimes funny, but only serve to show off Marcus's ability as a writer and thinker. Marcus takes a giant step forward with these two offerings, proving it is possible to mix dazzling intellect with heartfelt, honest emotions. These books are getting at something, though it's not always clear exactly what. They also prove that Marcus is indeed one of our most gifted writers and suggest even better books come.» - Mitch Pugh

Ben Marcus & Matthew Ritchie,The Father Costume (Artspace Books, 2002)

«Behold a stunning world, made mostly of water, where clothing changes people's behavior and time itself can be worn and discarded like cloth. Witness a father who takes his two boys out to sea, in flight from some menace at home, thus launching their adventures in a strange and dangerous territory. Artist Matthew Ritchie's striking images blend scientific diagramming with vivid, colorful renderings of the apocalypse, while writer Ben Marcus's cold prose plumbs the inner workings of two boys caught out at sea with a father whose costumes grow increasingly menacing. In this collaborative work, Ritchie's and Marcus's shared obsessions of mythology, physics, and ancient texts have produced a conjunction of text and image in which people themselves are merely costumes for the darker needs that drive them. Looking at Ritchie's paintings is like being in Dorothy's cyclone — one minute a one-celled organism wheels by, the next minute a sequence of skulls streams along from a school chart on evolution.»

«In The Father Costume, a collaboration between artist Matthew Ritchie and writer Ben Marcus, a stunning world is evoked, made mostly of water, where clothing changes people's behavior and time itself can be worn and discarded like cloth. Here a father takes his two boys out to sea, in flight from some menace at home, and thus launches their adventure in a strange and dangerous world. In The Father Costume, Marcus' and Ritchie's shared obsessions produce a work where people themselves are merely costumes for the darker needs that drive them.»

«The Father Costume is set in a surreal water world in which clothes alter - at times seemingly dominate - people's behavior and time itself can be worn and discarded like cloth.»

"Upon deciding that you were in the beginning stages of a new project that in turn became The Father Costume, what inspiration or source did you draw from to arrive at the premise and motif of this work?
- Since it was a collaboration from the beginning, Matthew Ritchie and I sat down and threw around some ideas that we’d each been wanting to pursue. We settled on time as something that fascinated us—even though Matthew’s understanding of it, from the perspective of physics anyway, is far greater than mine. And I remember wanting to write something that used conditional tenses, a story that used the space of the conditional to try to create a menacing mood, the threat of what might happen. And then of course there was our mutual interest in cloth, some kind of garment that would serve as a structural design of god. And I think I wanted it to be an adventure story. All pretty obvious stuff.
So a brainstorming creation followed by organic development. What then about the character choices. Father is present throughout, as are son one and his brother. But mother is mentioned only obliquely in the opening two paragraphs. Was this also part of the “threatening” motif, the idea that “bad things happen when mom’s not about?”
- I didn’t have a specific plan for this. I had the image of the father preparing the boys to leave the house, and in writing this I think I pretty much killed off the mom in order to make the whole thing more lonely. It just seemed to be more charged with her absent.
Okay, Mom’s out of the way, Dad is with the boys, and he next jettisons off to sea with them, a lonely place indeed. Did perhaps a reference to Ahab in Moby Dick come to mind when creating the scenes at sea? Or was the father to be understood as undeniably and objectively dangerous, a loose cannon? - Ahab didn’t come to mind. And I wasn’t really thinking about how the father was going to be understood. I was interested in the mystery of his project, the way the son was baffled by what he was doing, even as his brother is quickly killed. Someone’s in charge in the story, but the narrator has no idea what is really happening. That kind of innocence appealed to me, the trust you put in someone whose designs are beyond your comprehension.
A mysterious project with mysterious intent surrounded by mysterious lands and sea where words spring to life as seeds from the earth. The boy makes much about avoiding his father’s attention with the words he spins, but they keep threatening to do him in. As the boy goes on to fantasize about a fitting end for his father, even employing land animals if necessary, why doesn’t he just use the lethal power of words to tie his father into knots?
- I guess that all of his power seems conditional and imaginary to me. He can’t tie anyone into anything. Did you wish he would do something different?
I was maybe looking at a sense of empowerment, of not being the proverbial dumb terrified blonde running straight into a dark lonely place. Heck, if I could see trees on the shore stringing out sentences and watch my father attach sentences to his belt with glue, I would quickly gather in my fear a courage that realized the power of these “words and sentences” and use them to advantage.
- Ah, if only you had been in the story in his place
In a parallel universe I most likely am. On a different track, the tale spins out as somewhat Freudian, a psychological catharsis of sorts, a lashing out at not so vague insistent spirits. Is there perhaps an element of autobiography about the dominating and fearsome father image? Or is that just a happenstance of fictional conception?
- Autobiography to me is what I’m capable of thinking and feeling, not just what has literally happened to me. So there is more than a small element of autobiography, but there’s so much that’s mythical and fantastical in the story that I can’t quite call it a true story.
A story does not need to be termed “a true story” for the history of one’s life to inform it. For instance, you were at one time a boy, then a teenager, then a young adult. I’m making a broad reach when I assume that at some point a father figure most likely interacted. If this “reach” is on target, was this interaction in your recollection one tinged primarily by awe and fear or one of loving closeness? I suppose I’m just looking at the story behind the story, apropos of nothing.
- Loving closeness, far and away. It still is." - Interview with C. B. Smith
Ben Marcus, The Age of Wire and String (Knopf, 1995)

«In The Age of Wire and String, hailed by Robert Coover as “the most audacious literary debut in decades,” Ben Marcus welds together a new reality from the scrapheap of the past. Dogs, birds, horses, automobiles, and the weather are some of the recycled elements in Marcus’s first collection — part fiction, part handbook– as familiar objects take on markedly unfamiliar meanings.
Gradually, this makeshift world, in its defiance of the laws of physics and language, finds a foundation in its own implausibility, as Marcus produces new feelings and sensations — both comic and disturbing — in the definitive guide to an unpredictable yet exhilarating plane of existence.»

“The most audacious literary debut in decades — witty, startlingly inventive, funny but fundamentally disturbing, language itself held together here by whimsical bits of wire and string. Ben Marcus is a one-of-a-kind stand-up phenom, a comic writer of power and originality. The Age of Wire and String marks the arrival of a unique new talent in American letters.” — Robert Coover

“Utterly wonderful, wonderful and beautiful. A world appears made of birds, dogs, odd bits of the Self, and ancient impressions of the very first things — Father and Mother, strange foods, a storm in the sky outside — all the elements of ordinary life systematically recombined to give substance to feeling and sensation, our deepest and most hidden knowledge of home.” — Donald Antrim

“Marcus proves himself a renegade philosopher/writer who twists language until it bleeds new meaning, and in the process creates a truly audacious and wholly original view of life and the linguistic structures which give it substance... In a book industry increasingly dominated by convention and the next sure thing, we can only hope that writers who dare to explore this inner vision will continue to find an audience.” — Tucson Weekly

“His stories, a series of interlocking definitions of strange new objects and principles, are a mix of gothic gargoyles and glassy ultra-modern surfaces, whether he’s describing an automobile from the ground up, or a nap in front of the TV with the family dog.” — St. Louis Post-Dispatch

«In these 41 fictions (most are only a page or two), Marcus guides us through the postmodern wreckage of our homes and social customs. Deformed structures call for deformed expressions; using a form pioneered by Gertrude Stein, the book's eight sections pull the everyday ('Food''; 'The House''; 'Persons') through the looking-glass of language, coining new terms as necessary. The result is the combination of gorgeous, sensuous realism and disjointed action that has been coming together in the leading avant-garde journal Conjunctions, where Marcus is an editor. In these pages, which by turns read like a technical manual and like lyric poetry, one's wife and toaster can be connected on the same circuit, and "only the lawns feeding upward afford the angels an exit.'' Marcus's clear eye for the suburban sublime allows his definitions-of the structures and categories we impose on ourselves, of the people in his life and of hidden "natural'' phenomena-to resonate in a way that is much richer than, say, Douglas Coupland's inventories of pop culture. The shockingly abstract terms Marcus uses to describe our intimate selves ("the condition of corpse is achieved with a lotion, usually'') mock our attempts to understand and explain away our bodies and the things that happen to them. This debut collection may just succeed in sneaking prose-poetry to a wider, younger audience.» - Library Journal

«It's surreal, but not dada; fantastic, but not fantasy or sf; mysterious, but not a mystery; fiction, but almost totally lacking in characters, plot, or drama. It might be called "flash fiction" since most of the pieces are only a page or two, but unlike Barry Yourgrau's or Mark Amerika's "flashes," these are not complete unto themselves. The Age of Wire and String is a sort of metafictional parallel universe reconnecting elements of mass culture, personal experience, philosophy, law, and culture in obscure and mysterious ways. Over 40 snippets are categorized into sections on sleep, God, food, the house, animals, weather, persons, and society. Each section has its own glossary of terms, such as "CARL Name applied to food built from textiles, sticks, and rags. Implements used to aid ingestion are termed... the lens, the dial, the knob." This highly original work will appeal to ambitious readers who enjoy Joyce, Beckett, or other writers who confound our assumptions about language and perception. A potential cult classic; recommended for all medium to large academic and public libraries.» - Jim Dwyer

«Pierre Klossowski, in Sade, My Neighbor, offers two statements that might serve to introduce the startling, and often transgressive, vignettes of Ben Marcus's The Age of Wire and String. The first is the assertion that "it is not by arguments that [he] can obtain the assent of his
interlocutor but by complicity". The second is the realization that "reason itself... is but a form of
passion".
The Age of Wire and String thrusts into the forms of reasonable thought a great deal of passion, revivifying dead ways of speaking by short-circuiting them. The formal genres of both the hard and social sciences are manipulated by eccentric but nearly invisible narrators who, having emptied objective forms of their original content, fill them with highly original visions of the world. By applying extreme subjective pressure to the objective world, Marcus warps and splays the forms of capture we have come to expect. Where Marcus differs from less successful experimenters is that rather than merely allowing science to turn inward, revealing the subjectivity innate to any apparently objective process, he forces the subjective
pressure to deflect again outward - thus revealing an objectivity that can only be reached through the subjective. In pursuing a line of flight that cleaves through a progression of selves and then flees outward, Marcus offers an array of voices to lay bare the whole of contemporary culture.
The Age of Wire and String is a non-system masquerading as a system. It is referred to, in the mock-argument at the book's beginning, as a device for "cataloging a culture." The book consists of eight divisions of stories which parse the culture into eight broad interrelated topics - Sleep, God, Food, The House, Animal, Weather, Persons, The Society. Each section is supplemented by a list of terms which sets out to define words that may or may not be relevant to the fictions of a particular section. These include objects as promising as:
FUDGE GIRDLE, THE Crumpets of cooked or flattened chocolage, bound or fastened by wire. This garment is spreadable. . . . MATH GUN, THE 1. Mouth of the Father, equipped with a red freckle, glistening. It is shined by foods, dulled with water, left alone by all else. 2. His pencil. . . . ARKANSAS 9 SERIES Organization of musical patterns or tropes that disrupt the flesh of the listener. The arrangement of the book and the definition of terms seem formal and orderly enough, and on the surface The Age of Wire and String seems to offer a fictional world holding the same sort of relation to the real world as does Borges' Uqbar. However, the orderliness of the surface is
quickly disrupted, and it becomes clear that what Marcus offers is not a single world but elements of several similar, but not completely compatible, worlds. Though the pieces all have some relation, they cannot be thought of as generating a single alternate reality; instead, the space they create is heterotopic, bringing together disparate elements whose connection cannot be adequately mapped, but which are joined nonetheless. How is one to bring together, for instance, the introduction (in Montana) of clothing made from food products, the song's capacity for mutilating the body of a man on horseback, sleep's ability to forestall the destruction of the house, a string's tendency to fall in the shape of the next animal to be slain, and the more passionate and worldly spectacle of the mad invader who ties up everyone in the house and forces them to watch as he commits suicide? The impact of the book can be found less in the individual pieces than in the connections which spread from text to text, which make a
rhizome of the different pieces and which allow one to travel from one disparate locale to another. Within the text, the author's name, as an administrative function by which to gather the book into a whole, falls under suspicion, for one discovers multiple definitions for
"BEN MARCUS, THE," including:
1. False map, scroll caul, or parchment... a fitful chart of darkness. When properly decoded, it indicates only that we should destroy it and look elsewhere for instruction... 2. The garment that is too heavy to allow movement... 3. Figure from which the antiperson is derived; or, simply, the antiperson. It must refer uselessly and endlessly and always to weather, food,birds,or cloth...
The Ben Marcus becomes three functions, all of which mock the way in which we think through significance and proprietorship in fiction, the different functions far from compatible.
Throughout the stories, Marcus performs the theft and adaptation of a variety of speech genres. He is able to treat certain styles and manners of speaking - certain forms of expression that give in their rightful or common context the seductions of convincingness (scientific discourse, prayer, technical writing, historical lecture, encyclopedia entries) - in ways that expose the strategies
and seductions of the forms, opening them to new types of content. By bringing together accepted forms of discourse with unexpected content (in the attempt, for instance, to scientifically define a dog as a mode of heat transference, or in the offering of a prayer meant to preserve the wires of the house) the devices that allow for a form's power of seduction are revealed and neutralized. But, by passing into new contexts, these forms are given a new power. They persist as walking frames over which a transient mythology begins to spread, vying to establish itself as the new truth.
The whole world rewires itself, connections being established where none were believed to exist before. What might have once begun as the simple act of branching a plug into a wall socket becomes a transgressive and sublime ritual, as an almost imperceptible character tries to piece
together a collapsed life, perhaps believing that what has gone wrong on a human level must be corrected or else natural laws will collapse. What results is a technical explanation of the oddest kind:

Intercourse with resuscitated wife for particular number of days, superstitious act designed to insure safe operation of household machinery. Electricity mourns the absence of the energy form (wife) within the household's walls by stalling its flow to the outlets. As such, an improvised friction needs to take the place of electricity, to goad the natural currents back to their proper levels. This is achieved with the dead wife. She must be found, revived, and then penetrated until heat fills the room, until the toaster is shooting bread onto the floor, until she is smiling beneath you with black teeth and grabbing your bottom. Then the vacuum rides by and no one is pushing it, it is on full steam. Days flip past in chunks of fake light, and the intercourse is placed in the back of the mind. But it is always there, that moving into a static-ridden corpse that once spoke familiar messages in the morning when the sun was new.
Here the narrator reveals himself only in the definition of intercourse as a superstitious act, in the formal, technical framing of necrophilia, and in his attempt to thrust the experience on the reader by using the second person. The result is a transgressive act framed in measured terms and careful language, at once more beautiful and more disturbing than the usual approach to such actscan be.
The nature of transgression itself as an artistic project is defined in another piece, "The Golden Monica," which takes for its utterance the mode of academic discourse. Here it becomes clear that for Marcus, as for Klossowski's Sade, the aesthetic purpose is not so much to convince the
reader as to establish complicity. As Marcus suggests elsewhere, "members alternate performing and watching, until there is no difference". "The Golden Monica" serves to extrapolate this statement, speaking of "the phenomenon of the intruder or mad invader, who enters the
American house in order to extinguish himself" in the presence of the inhabitants of the house. He binds the inhabitants in such a way that they must watch him, and then settles in the middle of them as he conducts a self-made ritual which will culminate in his demise. After
the suicide, the narrator postulates, one of the members of the family will somehow manage to get free of the restraints and flee the house. Once outside, startled and moved by what he has just experienced, he will falsely confess to having murdered the suicided intruder, taking the blame upon himself. "The act of doing and watching are interchangeable here," the narrator suggests. "[The] spectacle is arranged to emanate from whoever watches it, where seeing is the first form of doing," the viewer thus taking the actor's actions as his own. Such purpose seems to be behind several of Marcus's stories, in that he often attempts to place the reader in a position from which it is difficult to gain a safe distance from the transgressions depicted. Though the forms of the language at times allow a narrow respite, the movement through the language and the rearrangement of the world of each story by the necessarily active reader give him or her a much more consciously role than is usually the case. Such a sense of one's own participation in and creation of a text potentially ends in the recognition that there is more affinity than we would care to admit between seeing and doing.
Wordplay has often been a mainstay of experimental writers, but Marcus's linguistic extravangances here work in a way they seldom can in the merely experimental. Marcus's
verbal manipulation is successful because it is not overused and does not exist for its own sake. Indeed, there are no idle experiments here, no manipulations for the sake of trying to prove the author's cleverness. There is, however, a proliferation of new definitions and redefinitions, and in this we have what seems to be a movement to increased distinction. On the other hand, these definitions often sabotage themselves, and we can find a word so purposefully burdened with meanings that it becomes meaningless. In some of the fictional pieces, this burdening shifts into a destruction of distinction between signifiers. Thus, in "Arm, In Biology," we find the term
arm used in a number of ways - as a physical part of the body, as a percussion instrument, as an element of a machine, and as a medical device - with the definition sliding imperceptibly from one area to another, at once all of them yet none. What is under threat, then, are the
rational distinctions made at the base of language - our ability to separate things off from one another through our words. What is gained is a revelatory short-circuiting of language that, in making the connections that rational thought would find invalid, understands the shaping of
language to be a passionate affair, vibrant and alive. Moving from satires of scientific classification to the simultaneous lampooning of the fashion industry and historical truth, The Age of Wire and String is an alarming and exacting book which reveals American culture
in ways that will always remain hidden to the more conventional "professional disclosers" of the culture.» - Brian Evenson

«An experiment in linked vignettes, the book received praise from Robert Coover, Harry Mathews, and others. Mathews described this first book publication as "delicately sustained linguistic displacements [that] rigorously reinvent [our] society."
I interviewed Marcus; he spoke of a wish to create a fictional landscape for readers who see language "as more than just an occasion for diversion or entertainment - a chance to hide and forget - but instead as a possibly biological event, as crucial as eating and maybe more so." It's a romantic notion, but one that is necessary for fueling fiction as deeply imagined, committed, and unromantic as Marcus's. And while his prose works to elide standard notions of story, motivation, lush description, and plot, it also possesses an edgy, pristine hue of its own, and a spooky, otherworldly tension.
Using short, unsentimental orbs of prose, Marcus describes an odd North America in which plain people live as normally as they know how. Marcus's setting is perhaps one to which writing students should turn for a first-rate illustration of the tension and balance between description and restraint. Indeed, the Ohio-like locale of this book takes much of its shape from numerous nearby strange engines, machines, and activities - and in this place, too, "electricity mourns the absence of an energy form," and nouns like "frusc" and "willis" abound (Marcus often uses proper names - even his own - to denote events or actions). By turns, AWS's scenarios and small accretions of action are comic and bizarre; story titles, rich in themselves, include "Half Life of Walter in the American Areas," "Food Storms of the Original Brother," and "Dog, Mode of Heat Transfer in Barking."
AWS has the syntactical ring of car repair manuals or religious tracts. Sentences like "Warning - it often clogs the port. It is often sugared" are employed to describe the intricate workings of machines or customs; they seem at once serious and mock-serious. And as the writer/narrator finds it his utter duty to inform readers of this world, he calls to us across a chasm, abstracted or disassociated by the stark weirdness of the place and by his own observations.
There is a small wan quality in the prose as well, with its locales recalling towns in the grassy Midwest: "Mind the hill. Throw the water. Pull the wood. Crack up the fires. Fix their feet. Don't talk. My father says do this when we have the good air. But it is empty here, and so I will mark instead, in case the messenger comes. No one is climbing up. My Jason hasn't climbed up, nor ever has Grandover since they hauled my father up the mountain. Am I supposed to put food out for them? We have the wood that holds our meals. I brought it in from the birdless side of our hill. Can I ask a question now?"
With that instructional-manual sense of both roteness and dire purpose, Marcus's syntax has a quality that sounds translated - as if from English to some diametrically opposing language, such as Japanese: "Rules invariable apply to food hidden within houses, churches, and other recognizable structures; in certain townships, they obtain also when potatoes and bread are camouflaged within a manufactured landscape. Artificial food (Carl) is often used to disguise the presence of real food in these settings. The law respecting the transfer of dough and sugar suspended from the hips of a citizen differs somewhat."
It certainly seems that Marcus has toyed with inserting unexpected nouns into the rhetoric of technical manuals or sociological tracts, mixing and mis-matching words on purpose, yet this book leaps far beyond formalist experiment-driven narrative, one of the banes of college writing workshops. Marcus's mysterious pastiches employ both heavy restraint and connotative vocabulary, so while the narrative is often deliberately wooden, a sensation of absence and pathos also lurks, the sort of haunting tenderness that is linked with memory and which much current American sentimental memoir and fiction seeks and fails to convey.
Marcus's meticulous and remote language works tirelessly to create small disruptive images, and these, along with the text's self referential glossaries, create a sense of controlled obsession. However, the pages of AWS are neither easy nor difficult to read. Like a painting by Hopper, landscapes and scenes are dissembled then defamiliarized; both language and experience are taken out of time, turned on their collective ears. And like much good art, Marcus's prose is difficult to describe, and contains cruelty: "The man powers in, arranges a prison of wire or rope onto the member of the shelter - the soft membrane of the floor, to attain a posture of attention to his own body that will render its demise he queries the animal likeness carved into his garment."
I asked what he had to say about the "autobiography question," since after the Knopf release of AWS, more than one reviewer remarked that the text was, at bottom, a highly stylized version of a Midwestern boyhood. Marcus responded that this was explicitly not his intention, pointing to reviewers' notorious tendency to read rotely. But if a writer declares that his work is devoid of the typical first-book impulses to write from life, should we believe him? Is the act of fictionalizing one's childhood actually less rigorous than creating fiction that proceeds from a theory?
"Autobiographical impulses are complicated," he said. "While it might be autobiographical to write about where you vacationed last summer, it certainly, at least usually, won't put the writer into a tense enough position to create interesting work. A younger writer can make the mistake of believing that an audience is inherently interested in everything that has 'happened' to them. A writer makes another mistake, I think, in believing that the things that happen are the things that make up a life. Maybe your real life is everything you don't know about, ideas and feelings you haven't confirmed or even imagined yet. The writing is instantly more powerful if there is an act of discovery on the writer's part as well, as Stein points out. If you look at the memoirs interested in Michel Leiris or the novels of Thomas Bernhard, you can see a menacing form of self-discovery at work, in which the author does not congratulate himself for his insights, as does the common memoirist, who shows off psychological platitudes at every turn, but rather is continually punished by the truths that his language seems intent on revealing. The task, for me, is to build a body beyond what my daily life has evidenced, to discover the outer possibilities of my heart and mind and possibly, as a result, produce a new kind of animal."
I also asked Marcus about the health of innovative fiction at this cultural moment, and about the importance of distinguishing the novel from shorter forms, since AWS exclusively employs vignettes or indistinctly defined "stories." "My theory is really pretty simple: to light literal fires in the heads and homes of my readers," he responded. "Genre distinctions have always been boring to me. Let the marketplace call it whatever they want to, but a novel is whatever engaged artists say it is, or want it to be. I try not to trouble myself with the category name for what I write, although it's sometimes interesting to play with people's expectations, as with certain poets calling their poems novels. Pressure from the market for writers to write 'novels' will always be there, and there are plenty of other pressures that conspire against innovative literary art: the pressure to makes sense, conform, to be easy. But a writer who writes for the market has a different set of values and often sacrifices a more lasting, substantive effect. You can't have it all. You choose your purpose in these matters, and pressure from the marketplace is the least interesting pressure, or obstacle, a writer can face."
It appears that, like his work, Marcus moves rather insistently according to a very conscious set of principles. He also appears to be tough on himself. But this practical attitude is indispensable. For future projects, he plans to continue molding language to "create a system that might read like an 'essay' or a religious text."
"My struggle is formal," he said. "When it comes down to it, my model for fiction is more of a religious than narrative one, although I recognize that religious systems employ narratives to great effect."» - Stacey Levine

Ben Marcus, Editor, The Anchor Book of New American Short Stories (Anchor Books, 2004)

«In The Anchor Book of New American Short Stories, Ben Marcus brings together 29 stories published over the last sixteen years covering a whole spectrum of different styles. Marcus's own fiction forays into the experimental, see his books, Notable American Women and The Age of Wire and String, so it comes as no surprise that this collection leans heavily to the experimental. By experimental, I mean that most of these stories play with language, style and structure, or blend genre, both genre in the sense of fiction subgenres such as science fiction and horror and the larger genres dividing creative writing such as prose and poetry. Experimental writing is often characterized as challenging for the reader. Familiarity with a type of writing does makes reading it easier. Certainly some of these pieces require more effort from the reader and maybe even require a larger initial suspension of belief. What isn't required, though, is the sacrifice of story as, for the most part, these stories do resonate and stay with the reader long after the initial reading. While the majority of works are experimental in some way, there is plenty of straightforward narrative, both realistic and nonrealistic. The first two stories of the anthology are among the strongest and both have easy to follow, linear plots.
In "Sea Oak," George Saunders presents us with an extended family shaken by the death of their aunt and even more shaken when she returns from the dead. The family is right off the set of a Jerry Springer show complete with an apartment in the projects, young, single mother sisters, and a brother who works at a kind of Hooters for the female set. The story is tender look at the family, whose members are caring and who retain a kind of innocence, despite their circumstances.
Newcomer Wells Tower pairs a Viking saga with contemporary language in "Everything Ravaged, Everything Burned." This is a raiding tale with the twist of the cast of characters being made up of the guys who hang out down at your neighborhood bar. Modern slang fits well with the story, which shouldn't be a surprise as the pillaging involved isn't any more violent than that seen on an average episode of The Shield or The Sopranos.
Many of the stories focus on the relationship between parents and children. "The Old Dictionary," by Lydia Davis, reads like a short essay comparing the narrator's treatment of a fragile, old dictionary she uses for her writing and her treatment of her son, but really is poignant meditation on parenting and the difficulty of knowing and acknowledging needs of a child. Four of the stories focus on the complicated relationship between fathers and daughters. Aimee Bender's "Girl in the Flammable Skirt," carries her own quirky brand of fabulism with the father slowly goes to pieces while the daughter is required to shoulder more and more responsibility. Christine Schutt's edgy and tough "You Drive" about a developing incestuous relationship is written in hard emotional slivers. Gary Lutz's "People Shouldn't Have to be the Ones to Tell You," tells of a man who brings his adult daughters together and begins to fade away. The highlight of the story is his beautiful play with language.
"At the Laundromat, he had chosen the dryer with a spent fabric-softener sheet teased behind inside it. He brought the sheet home afterward to wonder whether it was more a mysticism of a tissue than a denigration of one. It was sparser in its weave yet harder to tear apart, ready in his hand when unthrobbing things of his life could stand to be swabbed and cleaned."
This language use is also what could make reading difficult for some people. In an interview with Gadfly Online, Marcus said about Gary Lutz.
"It's dismaying to me that a writer like Gary Lutz, for instance, has too few readers. Sure, his sentences are sort of strenuous, but there are so many insights and disturbances in them that what amounts to labor for some people is for me a form of pleasure. Here he is an artist of the sentence, yet readers can't stay with his work because it demands too much of them."
A number of the stories contain modern gothic elements. Mary Caponegro's "The Father's Blessing," is a fabulist tale of an eager priest with very bad boundaries. The 2001 O. Henry award winner, "The Paperhanger," by William Gay follows the disintegration of a family after the abduction of their child by a serial killer. There are also the 1998 O. Henry award winner, "The Two Brothers," a horror story about the two sons of an evangelical minister, by Brian Evenson, and "Gentlemen's Agreement," a gentler but no less chilling story about a disobedient young son of a firefighter by Mark Richard.
Writers Anthony Doerr with "The Caretaker," and Jhumpa Lahiri with "When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine" both bring stories of visitors to the United States dealing with the effects of war in their home countries. While neither story appears to stray from realism, the Doerr story borders on surreal as it follows a refugee from Africa and the disastrous results of his decision to move to the United States and work as a winter caretaker on an estate.
Some of the authors play with form, like Aleksandar Hemon's "The Life and Work of Alphonse Kauders" a fragmented biography of an imaginary pornographer and contemporary of Hitler written in single, disparate sentences, or Joe Wenderoth's "Letters to Wendy's," from his book of the same name, which is a series of short and strange notes from comment cards at the fast food restaurant. "Brief Interviews with Hideous Men" by David Foster Wallace takes the form of short interviews with men on the subject of women.
The authors may be building on the traditions of the past and dealing with the same subjects as always but all of them are bringing a contemporary sensibility, both realistic or nonrealistic, to the stories. For lovers of short fiction, this anthology will assume a treasured spot on the bookshelf to be revisited periodically. It may even prove to be one of those works that inspires the next generation of writers.» - Kristin Livdahl


Interview by Colin Winnette

Label